Ivica Lazúrová, Ingrid Dravecká
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disease with the genetic background and different phenotype expression, characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenic condition and an ultrasonographic finding of polycystic ovaries. The disease is often associated with a metabolic syndrome, mainly with obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemy, lipoprotein metabolism resistance and diabetes type 2. About 75 % women with PCOS suffer from overweight or obesity and about 50 % is obese. PCOS represents a serious risk of cardiovascular diseases, namely arterial hypertension and acute myocardial infarction. Patients with PCOS have significantly higher risk of endometrium and breast carcinoma, higher incidence of preeclampsia, hypertension induced by pregnancy, and other perinatal complications. Due to these complications the management of women with PCOS is oriented not only to a chronic anovulation treatment and hyperandrogenic condition but also to the influence of metabolic parameters and prevention of serious cardiovascular complications. Metabolic parameters may be influenced by adjustment of life style and weight reduction, insulin sensitisers and partially by antiandrogens. The treatment by metformin may slow the diabetes progression but as metformin is not able to increase the percentage of live deliveries, its indication in PCOS treatment still remains just secondary.