Kristína Križanová, Andrea Škripeková
Through the food intake we provide for us the supply of all necessary nutrients for functioning of the organism. Their amount and mutual ratio changes according to physical and psychical activities as well as in relation to acute diseases. The energetic income is mediated by substances which metabolize to glucose and glucose metabolism is the essential source of energy in the form of macroenergetic bonds. Proteins and their components aminoacids, mainly essential, are the source of creation of all proteins (building, transport, antibodies, and enzymes). Vitamins and trace elements (micronutrients) are an indispensable part. Parenteral and enteral nutrition at acute metabolic stress (an operation, trauma, sepsis) are main pillars during the treatment because they are able to influence the organism resistance against infections, wound healing, recovery and quick return to health.