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Časopis Internal medicine – Článok HyperCKemia – aetiology and differential diagnosis

Internal medicine

Peer - Reviewed Postgraduate Medical Journal.
Period 11x per year (july - august double issue)
1335-8359
The journal is indexed in the Slovak National Bibliography, Bibliographiia Medica Slovaca (BMS) and listed to citation database CiBaMed. All articles are reviewed. The publisher does not bear any responsibility for data and opinions of particular authors of the articles or advertisements. The articles on grey pages are company promotions or non reviewed information, an author is responsible for the content. Any reproduction of the content is allowed only with direct consent of the editorial office.
Predplatné
Internal medicine
Internal medicine
Peer - Reviewed Postgraduate Medical Journal.
Period 11x per year (july - august double issue)
Predplatné
Téma: OVERVIEW WORKS

HyperCKemia – aetiology and differential diagnosis

Peter Špalek

Creatine kinase (CK) is one of the key enzymes of the energy cell system. CK catalyses the conversion of creatine and
consumes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and vice versa.
Phosphocreatine serves as an energy reservoir, especially in active tissues, CK serum level is considered as the most sensitive
laboratory parameter for muscular diseases. The highest CK elevations are seen in rhabdomyolysis from any cause.
In Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, limb girdle muscular dystrophies and Miyoshi myopathy, the serum
CK is markedly elevated in early stages but declines later on as the muscle mass is reduced. In polymyositis and dermatomyositis
the serum CK typically falls within weeks of starting steroids but weakness may take much longer to improve.
It is important to remember that CK elevation occurs in anterior horn cell disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
spinal muscular atrophy III and IV, bulbospinal muscular atrophy, and also in some neuropathies. Controversely,
some muscle diseases do not cause an increase in CK, e.g. mitochondrial myopathies and some congenital myopathies.
CK may be normal in two adult muscular dystrophies, namely facioscapulohumoral muscular dystrophy and myotonic
dystrophy. There are some causes of hyperCKemia unrelated to a recognized neuromuscular disease – strenuous
muscle exercise, epileptic seizures, muscle injury, repeated intramuscular injection, surgery, medications (e.g. statins),
toxins, viral infections, hypothyroidism, hypokalemia, malignant hyperthermia. Idiopathic asymptomatic hyperCKemia
is a term used to describe the finding of an elevated serum CK concentration in the absence of symptoms that can be
attributed to an underlying neuromuscular disease. All cases of asymptomatic hyperCKemia with no apparent medical
explanation should undergo the assessment of acid α-glucosidase activity on dried blood spot. According to the results of
some studies the selective screening in asymptomatic hyperCKemia allowed the identification of several Pompe patients
in a pre-clinical stage. Muscle biopsy may be indicated in asymptomatic hyperCKemia if one or more of the following are
present: the CK is ≥ 3x normal, electromyogram is myopathic or patients are < 25 years of age. In addition, women
with CK 3 times over the normal may be offered DNA testing because of the possibility of carrying a dystrophin mutation.

creatine kinase, myopathies, muscular dystrophies, autoimmune myositis, anterior horn cell disorders, asymptomatic hyperCKemia
Interná med. 2016; 16 (5): 209-215

Ročník 2016  Témy časopisu Internal medicine 5 / 2016

OVERVIEW WORKS

Michal Demeter, Rudolf Hyrdel
Andrej Dukát
Ján Murín
Ján Murín
Katarína Šimeková
Peter Špalek
Nie sú dostupné žiadne voľne dostupné články
CHAIRMAN OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD
prof. MUDr. Ivica Lazúrová, CSc. FRCP

REPRESENTATIVE OF CHAIRMAN
prof. MUDr. Juraj Payer, CSc., FRCP

MEMBERS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD
doc. MUDr. Viera Fábryová, CSc.
MUDr. Viera Fedelešová, CSc.
prof. MUDr Martin Haluzík, CSc.
prof. MUDr. Štefan Hrušovský, CSc. Dr.SVS.
prof. MUDr. Rudolf Hyrdel, CSc.
doc. MUDr. Oľga Jurkovičová, CSc.
doc. MUDr. Zdenko Killinger, PhD.
doc. MUDr. Soňa Kiňová, PhD.
prof. MUDr. Peter Mitro, PhD.
doc. MUDr. Viliam Mojto, CSc., MHA
prof. MUDr. Karel Pacák, DrSc.
prof. MUDr. Juraj Payer, CSc., FRCP
doc. MUDr. Ján Podoba, CSc.
prof. MUDr. Igor Riečanský, DrSc.
doc. MUDr. Ján Staško, PhD.
doc. MUDr. Mária Szántová, PhD.
prof. MUDr. Ivan Tkáč, PhD.

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Write the paper on computer in any common text editor.
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- distinguish precisely numbers 1, 0 and letters l, O
- use always parentheses ( )
- explain abbreviations always when first used


MANUSCRIPT REQUIREMENTS

1. An accurate paper title, names and surnames of all authors including titles, authors` workplace. The first author address including the phone number, fax and e-mail address.

2. Summary - concise content summary in the extent maximum 10 lines (only at overview papers, case studies and Appendices - General Medicine). Write in 1st or 3rd person singular or plural (unify according the type of an article).

3. Key words - in the extent of 3-6 (only for overview papers and Appendices - General Medicine). 4. English translation: paper title, summary, key words (only at overview papers, and Appendices - General Medicine)

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If you insert pictures into a document, send also their original files in "jpg" format, create graphs in Excel and send also their original files. If you send photo documentation via post office, please, send just high-class originals. Mark each original by a number, under which it is mentioned in the text. Write in 1st or 3rd person singular or plural (unify according the type of an article).

6. Bibliography
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Examples of citations:
1. Shaheen NJ, Crosby NA, Bozymski EM, et al. Is there publication bias in the reporting cancer risk in Barrett ́ esophagus? Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 333-338.
2. Stenestrand U, Wallentin L. Swedish Register of Cardiac Intensive Care (RIKS-HIA): Early statin treatment following acute myocardial infarction and 1-year survival. JAMA 2001; 285(4): 430-436.
3. LIPID Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1349-1357.
4. Jurkovičová O, Spitzerová H, Cagáň S. Komorové arytmie a náhla srdcová smrť pri akútnom infarkte myokardu. Bratisl Lek Listy 1997; 98: 379-389.
5. Osborne BE. The electrocardiogram of the rat. In: Budden R, Detweiler DK, Zbinden G. The rat electrocardiogram in pharmacology and toxicology. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1981: 15-27.

Do not use dots after first names in citations. Do not use colon but dot after names of authors. Use semi-colon after the year of publishing, colon is before pages. If an author is one, two or three - it is necessary to state all. If there are more than three authors it is necessary to write first three and "et all", in Slovak and Czech citations "a spol.".

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a. genetic predisposition
b. Scandinavian origin
c. propionibacterium acnes
d. endothelial growth factor


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Due to practical focus of the journal we would like to ask you to write the paper comprehensively, with emphasis on practical use of provided information in out-
patient internists and general practitioners.


Send contributions in the e-mail to the address: stachova@amedi.sk
Period 11x per year (july - august double issue)
1335-8359
The journal is indexed in the Slovak National Bibliography, Bibliographiia Medica Slovaca (BMS) and listed to citation database CiBaMed. All articles are reviewed. The publisher does not bear any responsibility for data and opinions of particular authors of the articles or advertisements. The articles on grey pages are company promotions or non reviewed information, an author is responsible for the content. Any reproduction of the content is allowed only with direct consent of the editorial office.
Predplatné
Internal medicine
Internal medicine
Peer - Reviewed Postgraduate Medical Journal.
Period 11x per year (july - august double issue)
Predplatné