Monika Drakulová, Libuša Ceizelová
The Rh system together with ABO system belongs to clinically most important blood group systems. Rh antigens in fetal erythrocytes can be demonstrated since the sixth week of gestation. Together with antigen D there are also C,c, E,e expressed in the complex of Rh antigens. An antibody anti-D frequently causes clinically significant form of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Screening of irregular anti-erythrocyte antibodies should be performed as an initial examination in all pregnant women. The positive finding of antibodies requires specification of anti-erythrocyte antibodies and monitoring of their titre at regular intervals. In mothers failing to produce anti-D antibody anti-D immunoglobulin is administered as prevention of alloimmunization during pregnancy and after _delivery. A prophylactic dose of anti-D immunoglobulin is administered to Rh-negative women also after a miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, abortion and after amniocentesis.