Ján Kliment ml., Boris Eliáš, Ján Ľupták, Ján Švihra, Karol Kajo1, Kamil Javorka, Igor Sopilko, Martin Jonáš, Ján Kliment st.
Objective: To assess pathological findings and oncological outcomes after radical prostatectomy in men with high-risk prostate cancer Materials and methods: We performed retrospective analysis of 151 prostate cancer patients who underwent open retropubic radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer between 1995 and 2009. High-risk prostate cancer was defined according to the D´Amico classification: ≥ T2c or Gleason score ≥ 8 or PSA ≥ 20 ng/ml. Time to biochemical progression, specific and overall survival curves were constructed by the Kaplan-Meier method and long-rank tests were used for comparison of the survival curves. Results: Mean age of patients was 62.1 ± 5.7 years (range 48-76), median 63 years. The mean follow up was 53 months (range 9-163), median 40. The mean pre-operative PSA was 16.3 ± 13.0 ng/ml (range 2.5-100), median 13.5 ng/ml. In the clinical stage 11 (7.3 %) patients had cT1c, 21 (13.9 %) had cT2 and 119 (78.8 %) had cT3 prostate cancer. In the pathological stage, 3 (2.0 %) patients had pT2a, 3 (2.0 %) had pT2b, 38 (25.2 %) had pT2c, 34 (22.5 %) had pT3a, 71 (47 %) had pT3b and 2 (1.3 %) had pT4 prostate cancer. Biopsy Gleason score ≤ 6 had 66 (43.7 %) patients, Gleason score 7 had 41 (27.2 %), Gleason score 8 had 31 (20.5 %) and Gleason score 9 had 13 (8.6 %) patients. For the pathological specimen, 27 (17.9 %) patients had Gleason score ≤ 6, 80 (52.9 %) had Gleason score 7, 18 (11.9) had Gleason score 8 and 26 (17.2 %) patients had Gleason score 9. Positive surgical margins had 64 (42.4 %) patients and 11 (7.3 %) patients had positive lymph nodes. The 3, 5, 10 – years biochemical recurrence – free survival rate was 85.92 %, 65.78 % and 27.27 %, respectively, cancer-specific survival was 97.59 %, 94.09 % and 67.89 %, respectively, overall survival was 94.9%, 91.5% and 66.02 %, respectively. The strongest predictor of biochemical progression was the pathological stage, positive surgical margin and Gleason score. The favourable pathology defined by ≤ pT2c, pN0, Gleason score ≤ 7 and negative surgical margin had 36 patients (23.8 %). Conclusions: Radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer may produce acceptable oncological control of the disease and for selective group of patients can be sufficient. However, for some patients radical prostatectomy may be part of a multimodal treatment including adjuvant radiotherapy or hormonal treatment.