Téma: Overview works

A therapy of massive bleeding from the lower gi tract

Milan Lukáš

The article brings the review of frequent and rare causes of massive bleeding from the lower GI tract and possible therapies. The most frequent causes of massive bleeding from the lower GI tract is diverticulosis of the large intestine, angiodysplasia of the large and small intestines and ischaemic colitis. Rare causes of massive bleeding include inner haemorrhoids and colorectal carcinoma. Fortunately, about 75 % of all cases of massive bleeding from the lower GI tract spontaneously diminish. Treatment of progressive or recurrent bleeding comprises circulatory resuscitation, blood loss supply and administration of haemostyptics. Endoscopic investigation is fundamental (coloscopy, gastroscopy and enteroscopy), which helps to localize the source of bleeding, evaluation and treat the source of bleeding. In recurrent and progressive bleeding angiographic investigation and selective perfusion by vasoconstrictive substance and/or embolisation is preferred. Surgical treatment is needed for patients with acute massive bleeding and those in which the previous treatment failed. Close cooperation of intensive medicine, gastroenterology, surgery and invasive radiology is needed in treatment of severe cases.

Ročník 2005  Témy časopisu Gastroenterology for practice 1 / 2005

CHAIRMAN OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD
prof. MUDr. Rudolf Hyrdel, CSc.

MEMBERS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD
doc. MUDr. Marian Bátovský, CSc., mim. prof. SZU
prof. MUDr. Juraj Bober, CSc.
MUDr. Ivan Bunganič
prof. MUDr. Petr Dítě, DrSc.
doc. MUDr. Martin Huorka, CSc.
doc. MUDr. Peter Makovník, CSc.
MUDr. Juraj Májek, PhD.
prof. MUDr. Peter Mlkvý, CSc.
MUDr. Tomáš Šálek
MUDr. Renata Szépeová, PhD.
prof. MUDr. Anton Vavrečka, CSc.
MUDr. Mária Zakuciová

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Ing. Danica Paulenová
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SECTIONS

SURVEY WORKS
The latest knowledge on disease and disease groups aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnoses and therapy.
Maximum size is 8 pages (font size 12, line spacing 1.5) with maximum five pictures (graphs). In case of more extensive theme elaboration it is possible to divide the paper to several parts after agreement with editorial office. Write the article with focus on its practical use for gastroenerologists and specialists from other disciplines interested in gastroenterology.

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Maximum extent is 7 pages. Structuring: summary, introduction, case study, discussion, conclusion, bibliography.

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MANUSCRIPT ELABORATION

Write the paper on computer in any common text editor.
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- distinguish precisely numbers 1, 0 and letters l, O
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- explain abbreviations always when first used


MANUSCRIPT REQUIREMENTS

1. An accurate paper title, names and surnames of all authors including titles, authors` workplace. The first author address including the phone number, fax and e-mail address.
2. Summary - concise content summary in the extent maximum 10 lines (only at overview papers, case studies). Write in 1st or 3rd person singular or plural (unify according the type of an article).
3. Key words - in the extent of 3-6 (only for overview papers and case studies).
4. English translation: paper title, summary, key words (only at overview papers and case studies)
5. Text
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6. Bibliography
Citations are numbered chronologically in bold, references in the text are stated by the number of citations in parentheses. Use maximum 20 citations.

Examples of citations:
1. Vaughan TL, Davis S, Kristal A, et al. Obesity, alcohol and tobacco risk factors for cancers of esophagus and gastric cardia :adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995; 4: 85-92.
2. Gao YT, McLaughlin JT, Gridley T, et al. Risk factors for esophageal cancer in Shanghai, China. Role of diet and nutrients. Int J Cancer 1994; 58: 197-202.
3. Shaheen NJ, Crosby NA, Bozymski EM, et al. Is there publication bias in the reporting cancer risk in Barrett´ esophagus? Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 333-338.

Do not use dots after first names in citations. Do not use colon but dot after names of authors. Use semi-colon after the year of publishing, colon is before pages. If an author is one, two or three - it is necessary to state all. If there are more than three authors it is necessary to write first three and "et all", in Slovak and Czech citations "a spol."


AUTODIDACTIC TEST

The editorial board reserves the right to make small stylistic changes in the paper. If it is necessary to shorten the paper, the consent of the author will be required. All articles are reviewed.

Origination of pigment stones is related to:
a. acute haemolysis
b. chronic haemolysis
c. hypercalcaemia
d. hyperlipoproteinaemia

The editorial board reserves the right to make small stylistic changes in the paper. If it is necessary to shorten the paper, the consent of the author will be required. All articles are double reviewed.

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Due to practical focus of the journal we would like to ask you to write the paper comprehensively, with emphasis on practical use of provided information in out-patient practice of gastroenterologists and related specialisations.

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