Boris Pekárek, Juraj Májek, Ľuboš Žitňan
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is technically the simplest and usually the first endoscopic method to be learned by a gastroenterologist. Therefore, this examination is often incorrectly underestimated. However, a properly taken EGD offers an excellent view of the oesophagus, stomach and proximal part of the duodenum, but also of large sections of the larynx and hypopharynx. It is important to consider premedication and to allow enough time for the examination and all of its steps, including flushing and adequate description of lesions and sampling. The therapeutic options have been continuously developing, including the implementation of endoscopic submucosal dissection in local conditions. The development of this methodology has opened up other approaches, e.g. peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia treatment or submucosal tunnel endoscopic resection of subepithelial tumours.