Juraj Krivuš, Ivana Dedinská, Marián Mokáň
Ileus and subileus conditions are associated with deficiency of oral nutrient intake, pre-cachexia to cachexia due to the digestive tract passage disorders. The development of malnutrition is conditioned by a diagnosis leading to partial or total obstruction of the digestive tract. In the event of an acute ileus (vascular ileus, volvulus), the patient may not show signs of malnutrition, but due to the further postoperative course, consideration should be given to the extent and type of performance on the digestive tract. On the other hand, in patients with chronic subileitis (GIT cancer) with malnutrition or at high risk of developing malnutrition, we can “prepare” for surgery and the period after the intervention nutritionally.
The extent and type of surgical intervention, as well as the obstruction localization, have a significant impact on postoperative patient management in terms of nutritional interventions. After surgery, several options may arise concerning the digestive tract sufficiency. These may include restoring the GIT passage without showing short bowel syndrome, developing short bowel syndrome while maintaining the passage, developing short bowel syndrome with low or high expenditure stoma, or fistula. It requires an individual approach to postoperative nutritional management of the patient - home parenteral nutrition, GLP 2 analogue treatment, special enteral nutritional products, rehydrated therapy, and more.