Laura Gombošová
The human body is colonized with the abundance of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and archaea), which are in symbiosis with the macroorganism. The gut microbiota is the most abundant community which colonizes the gastrointestinal tract. The gut barrier is the ingenious control system of the microbial environment. It consists of enterocytes, tight junctions, undisrupted gut mucosa, mucus, microbiota and bile acids. The damage of some them can lead to gastrointestinal, liver and extraintestinal diseases (obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and rheumatic diseases). In aetiopathogenesis of the diverticular disease, alcoholic, non-alcoholic and other liver diseases and complications of cirrhosis, the dysbiosis and broken gut barrier are the common denominators. Opening of tight connections, bacterial translocation, the activation of the gut and liver immune system induce a proinflammatory reaction and the onset of diseases.