A. Krutáková, A. Čunderlík, H. Habánová, M. Jezberová, M. Smrek, D. Dúbravová, I. Rusňák, F. Horn
The base of prenatal diagnostics of foetal head malformations is an ultrasonographic
examination. Ultrasonographic diagnostics of congenital developmental disorders of
the central nervous system is done in standard planes. Among basic imaging planes
there are: the transventricular, transtalamic, transcereberal and coronary plane. In
the first part of the paper we pay detailed attention to correct ultrasound diagnostics
of congenital malformations of the central nervous system. A knowledgeable sonographer
is important for the correct and thorough foetal examination at suspicion for
a disorder of the nervous system. Also, it is equally important to distinguish the head
shapes and pathologies related to them correctly. Some pathological head shapes
are: brachycephalic, dolichocephalic, the head in the shape of the lemon, strawberry
and in the cloverleaf shape.
The second part of the article divides congenital cerebral, cereberal and spinal foetal
malformations into particular groups. Here belong many diseases and syndromes,
which might be divided into several groups according to the periods of origination
in the embryonic development. Holoprosencephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum,
encephalocele, and cysts of the choroid plexus also belong here.
At all congenital developmental disorders of the central nervous system a correct
multidisciplinary pregnancy and foetal care is inevitable.